Prelude Medicinal Plants Database
Search | Practical Guide | Authors | DisclaimerSymptom : H(078)
Description :
cancer, unidentified tumour, melanoma, fibroma, tumor, antileukemic, leucemia
427 plants found in 151 reference(s) :
Abrus precatorius L. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Abrus precatorius L.
Family :
Fabaceae
Reference HD 38
Author(s) :
Daruty, C. (Dr)
Title :
Plantes Médicinales de l'Ile Maurice et des Pays Intertropicaux (p. 215)
General Steam Printing Company, 6, rue du Gouvernement - Maurice (1886)
https://archive.org/details/b24400270
Symptoms :
H(001), H(013), H(078), H(186)
Recipes :
H(013) lupus,maceration in bottle of 10 gr shelled seeds of Abrus precatorius (wild licorice plant) which are then pounded into pulp. local application (see page 82)
H(037) pectoral syrup for children, decoction during 1/2h of 60 gr Abrus precatorius (wild licorice plant), 30 gr. thinly sliced Hibiscus esculentus (lalo) + 240 gr sugar, reduce to the consistency of syrup. VO. 1 teaspoon often in the day
Abrus precatorius used for the treatment of : H(001) ophthalmia, H(013) ulcers, H(038) bladder irritation (leaves), H(078) cancer, H(186) expectorant
H(037) pectoral syrup for children, decoction during 1/2h of 60 gr Abrus precatorius (wild licorice plant), 30 gr. thinly sliced Hibiscus esculentus (lalo) + 240 gr sugar, reduce to the consistency of syrup. VO. 1 teaspoon often in the day
Abrus precatorius used for the treatment of : H(001) ophthalmia, H(013) ulcers, H(038) bladder irritation (leaves), H(078) cancer, H(186) expectorant
Region :
Mauritius
Country :
Mauritius
Vernacular name :
réglisse (sauvage) (Creole) , goundoomani vayr (Tamoul)
Acacia albida Del. :
2 reference(s)
Official name :
Acacia albida Del.
Family :
Fabaceae
Synonyms :
Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev.
Reference HK 12
Author(s) :
Kerharo, J. & J.G. Adam
Title :
Plantes médicinales et toxiques des Peuls et des Toucouleurs du Sénégal.
Journal d'Agriculture Tropicale et de Botanique Appliquée, (J.A.T.B.A.), 11, 384 - 444 (1964)
https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0021-7662_1964_num_11_10_2785
Plantes médicinales et toxiques des Peuls et des Toucouleurs du Sénégal.
Journal d'Agriculture Tropicale et de Botanique Appliquée, (J.A.T.B.A.), 11, 543 - 599, (1964)
https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0021-7662_1964_num_11_12_2795
Symptoms :
H(001), H(013), H(078), H(092), H(100), H(139), H(170)
Recipes :
H(001) trachoma,H(013) uterus cyst, H(078) fibroma, H(100) very severe syphilis , H(170) common dropsi (all those symptoms = "diangara cayor" ), roots, trunk barks or stems + others drugs
H(139) sexual incapacity, roots, trunk barks or stems, + bull testicles or bull meat
H(092) feeding, to cook the roots and trunk barks or stems + porcupine viscera
H(100) very severe syphilis, type = "diangara cayor", roots of Capparis tomentosa + Securinega virosa + Coculus pendulus + Ziziphus mucronata + Salvadora persica + Acacia albida + Terminalia avicennioides + Tinospora bakis, RNS.
H(100) syphilis, whole plant of Leptadenia hastata + ONS. of Acacia albida + Maytenus senegalensis + Securidaca longipedunculata + Terminalia avicennioides, RNS.
H(139) sexual incapacity, roots, trunk barks or stems, + bull testicles or bull meat
H(092) feeding, to cook the roots and trunk barks or stems + porcupine viscera
H(100) very severe syphilis, type = "diangara cayor", roots of Capparis tomentosa + Securinega virosa + Coculus pendulus + Ziziphus mucronata + Salvadora persica + Acacia albida + Terminalia avicennioides + Tinospora bakis, RNS.
H(100) syphilis, whole plant of Leptadenia hastata + ONS. of Acacia albida + Maytenus senegalensis + Securidaca longipedunculata + Terminalia avicennioides, RNS.
Region :
West Africa
Country :
Senegal
Vernacular name :
taiki (Peul), kad (Wolof)
Reference HK 63
Author(s) :
Kipkore, K., B. Wanjohi, H. Rono, G. Kigen
Title :
A study of the medicinal plants used by the Marakwet Community in Kenya
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine , 10:24 (2014)
http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/10/1/24
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078) cancer, fruit bodies of Faidherbia albida, burnt and ash licked
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Kenya (Marakwet Community)
Vernacular name :
kokocha (local dialect), apple ring acacia (Englisch)
Acacia karroo Hayne :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acacia karroo Hayne
Family :
Fabaceae
Reference HB 69
Author(s) :
Mbuyi Kalonji S., Kalunga Muya R., Kalonda Mutombo E., Cimanga Cioto C.B., Numbi Wa Ilunga E., Kahumba Byanga J., Lumbu Simbi J.-B.
Title :
Aperçu ethnobotanique de plantes réputées antipaludéennes utilisées dans la ville de Lubumbashi et ses environs, dans le Haut-Katanga en RD Congo.
Ethnopharmacologia, n°61, juin 2019
Symptoms :
H(004), H(013), H(014), H(026), H(051), H(078), H(100), H(157), H(182)
Recipes :
H(004) persistent wound, H(013) abscess, H(014) scabies, H(026) dysmenorrhea, H(051) paludism, H(078) uterine cancer and matrix, H(100) diseases transmitted through sexual contact, H(157) infantile convulsions, H(182) zona, decoction of the mixture of roots of Acacia karroo, maceration, enema, 1 x / day while 2 to 3 days
Region :
Central Africa
Country :
Congo (Democratic republic) (city of Lubumbashi and its surroundings)
Vernacular name :
not registered by the authors
Acacia macrostachya Reichenb. ex DC. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acacia macrostachya Reichenb. ex DC.
Family :
Fabaceae
Reference HS 35
Author(s) :
Sawadogo, W.R., M. Schumacher, M-H. Teiten , M. Dicato , M. Diederich
Title :
Traditional West African pharmacopeia, plants and derived compounds for cancer therapy
Biochemical Pharmacology 84, 1225–1240 (2012)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846603
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078) cancer, H(113) inflammation, root barks of Acacia macrostachya in decoction, RNS.
(information obtained from various articles not referenced in PRELUDE)
(information obtained from various articles not referenced in PRELUDE)
Region :
West Africa
Country :
West Africa
Vernacular name :
not communicated by the authors
Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth.
Family :
Fabaceae
Synonyms :
Mimosa mellifera Vahl.
Reference HC 13d
Author(s) :
Chabra, S.C., R.L.A. Mahunnah & E.N. Mshiu
Title :
Plants used in traditional medicine in Eastern Tanzania.IV. Angiosperms (Mimosaceae to Papilionaceae).
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 29, pp. 295 - 323, (1990)
Symptoms :
H(008), H(078), H(104), H(139), H(145)
Recipes :
H(016), fresh stembark, pounded and applied to the breasts
H(008) diar., VO. decoction (H2O) roots
H(104) abdominal pains during menstruation VO. decoction (H2O) roots
H(139, 2) impotency and aphrodisiac, VO. decoction (H2O) roots
H(145) rectum prolapse, VO. decoction (H2O) roots
H(078), cancer, stembark, RNS
H(008) diar., VO. decoction (H2O) roots
H(104) abdominal pains during menstruation VO. decoction (H2O) roots
H(139, 2) impotency and aphrodisiac, VO. decoction (H2O) roots
H(145) rectum prolapse, VO. decoction (H2O) roots
H(078), cancer, stembark, RNS
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Tanzania (East)
Vernacular name :
mnoa (Pare), msasa (Swahili)
Acacia polyacantha Willd. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acacia polyacantha Willd.
Family :
Fabaceae
Reference HJ 11
Author(s) :
Jiofack, T., C. Fokunang, N. Guedje, V. Kemeuze, E. Fongnzossie, B. A. Nkongmeneck, P. M. Mapongmetsem & N. Tsabang
Title :
Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants of two ethnoecological regions of Cameroon
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Vol. 2(3), pp. 60-79, (2010)
http://www.academicjournals.org/ijmms
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078) fibroma, H(100) gonorrhoea, stem bark of Acacia polyacantha in maceration
Region :
Central Africa
Country :
Cameroon (Sudano-sahelian region)
Vernacular name :
not registered by the authors
Acacia robusta Burch. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acacia robusta Burch.
Family :
Fabaceae
Reference HK 90
Author(s) :
Kaingu C. K. , J. A. Oduma, J. M. Mbaria , S.G. Kiama
Title :
Medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of female reproductive health dysfunction in Tana River County, Kenya
TANG humanitas medicine / Volume 3 / Issue 2 / e17 (2013)
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5667/tang.2013.0006
Symptoms :
H(033), H(078), H(112x)
Recipes :
H(033) infertility, H(112x) contraceptive, decoction of roots and or stem bark of Citrus sinensis mixed with Acacia robusta and Cissus rotundifolia roots in H2O, VO., 3 glass daily for 3 days
H(078) fibroids, decoction of roots or leaves of Acacia robusta mixed with Cissus rotundifolia roots, VO., 1 glass 2 times daily for 5 days.
H(078) fibroids, decoction of roots or leaves of Acacia robusta mixed with Cissus rotundifolia roots, VO., 1 glass 2 times daily for 5 days.
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Kenya (Tana River County)
Vernacular name :
munga (Pokomo)
Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.
Family :
Fabaceae
Synonyms :
Mimosa senegal L.
Reference HH 21
Author(s) :
Ould Mohamed vall Hmeyada, A.
Title :
Contribution to study of the medicinal plants of Mauritania
Ann. Univ. Lomé (Togo), 2009, série Sciences, Tome XVII : 9-27
Symptoms :
H(001), H(008), H(014), H(068), H(078), H(100), H(104)
Recipes :
H(001) trachoma, H(008) dysentery, H(014) dermatosis, H(068) dewormer, H(078) cancer, H(100) syphilis, H(104) intestinal disorders, symptoms treated by Acacia senegal, ONS., RNS.
Region :
West Africa
Country :
Mauritania
Vernacular name :
not registered by the author
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne :
2 reference(s)
Official name :
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne
Family :
Fabaceae
Reference HK 63
Author(s) :
Kipkore, K., B. Wanjohi, H. Rono, G. Kigen
Title :
A study of the medicinal plants used by the Marakwet Community in Kenya
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine , 10:24 (2014)
http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/10/1/24
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078) cancer, fruit bodies of Acacia tortilis burnt and ash licked
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Kenya (Marakwet Community)
Vernacular name :
sesia (local dialect), shittim wood (Englisch)
Reference HT 50
Author(s) :
Teklehaymanot, T.
Title :
An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal and edible plants of Yalo Woreda in Afar regional state, Ethiopia
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 13:40 (2017)
DOI 10.1186/s13002-017-0166-7
Symptoms :
H(000), H(004), H(078)
Recipes :
H(000) infant sickness, leaves of Acacia tortilis, body wash
H(004) external injury, leaves, topical
H(078) breast cancer, RNS., VO.. nasal, topical
H(004) external injury, leaves, topical
H(078) breast cancer, RNS., VO.. nasal, topical
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Ethiopia (Yalow Woreda, Afar regional state)
Vernacular name :
not communicated by the author
Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acalypha fruticosa Forssk.
Family :
Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms :
Acalypha amentacea Roxb.
Reference HT 50
Author(s) :
Teklehaymanot, T.
Title :
An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal and edible plants of Yalo Woreda in Afar regional state, Ethiopia
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 13:40 (2017)
DOI 10.1186/s13002-017-0166-7
Symptoms :
H(000), H(001), H(012), H(037), H(078), H(099), H(104), H(155), H(182), H(201)
Recipes :
H(001) eye sickness, leaves of young plant of Acalypha fruticosa, fumigation
H(155) tonsillitis leaves, RNS. VO., nasal
H(037) lung infection leaves, RNS. inhaling
H(000) infant sickness, leaves, RNS., VO., nasal, ear
H(078) breast cancer leaves, RNS. VO., nasal, topical
H(000) kola kusil leaves, RNS. VO., topical
H(099) epilepsy leaves, RNS. VO.
H(037) extrapulmonary tuberculosis leaves, RNS. VO., wash body
H(012) bone breakage leaves, RNS. tying/topical
H(104) dyspepsia leaves, RNS. VO., nasal
H(182) herpes zoster leaves, RNS. VO., nasal
H(201) schizophrenia leaves, RNS. VO.
H(155) tonsillitis leaves, RNS. VO., nasal
H(037) lung infection leaves, RNS. inhaling
H(000) infant sickness, leaves, RNS., VO., nasal, ear
H(078) breast cancer leaves, RNS. VO., nasal, topical
H(000) kola kusil leaves, RNS. VO., topical
H(099) epilepsy leaves, RNS. VO.
H(037) extrapulmonary tuberculosis leaves, RNS. VO., wash body
H(012) bone breakage leaves, RNS. tying/topical
H(104) dyspepsia leaves, RNS. VO., nasal
H(182) herpes zoster leaves, RNS. VO., nasal
H(201) schizophrenia leaves, RNS. VO.
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Ethiopia (Yalow Woreda, Afar regional state)
Vernacular name :
not communicated by the author
Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg.
Family :
Euphorbiaceae
Reference HS 35
Author(s) :
Sawadogo, W.R., M. Schumacher, M-H. Teiten , M. Dicato , M. Diederich
Title :
Traditional West African pharmacopeia, plants and derived compounds for cancer therapy
Biochemical Pharmacology 84, 1225–1240 (2012)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846603
Symptoms :
H(078), H(113)
Recipes :
H(078) breast cancer , H(113) inflammation, whole plant of Acalypha wilkesiana in a concoction, RNS. (information obtained from various articles not referenced in PRELUDE)
Region :
West Africa
Country :
West Africa
Vernacular name :
not communicated by the authors
Acanthospermum hispidum DC. :
2 reference(s)
Official name :
Acanthospermum hispidum DC.
Family :
Asteraceae
Reference HA 44
Author(s) :
Ashidi, J.S. , P.J. Houghton, P.J. Hylands, T. Efferth
Title :
Ethnobotanical survey and cytotoxicity testing of plants of South-western Nigeria used to treat cancer, with isolation of cytotoxic constituents from Cajanus cajan Millsp. leaves
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 128, 501–512 (2010)
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078, 12) cancer, flowering shoots of Acanthospermum hispidum, poultice and as topic; decoction , VO.
Region :
West Africa
Country :
Nigeria (South-western)
Vernacular name :
dagunro, dagunro (Yoruba)
Reference HS 35
Author(s) :
Sawadogo, W.R., M. Schumacher, M-H. Teiten , M. Dicato , M. Diederich
Title :
Traditional West African pharmacopeia, plants and derived compounds for cancer therapy
Biochemical Pharmacology 84, 1225–1240 (2012)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846603
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078) cancer, flowering shoots of Acanthospermum hispidum for poultice and decoction , RNS.
(information obtained from various articles not referenced in PRELUDE)
(information obtained from various articles not referenced in PRELUDE)
Region :
West Africa
Country :
West Africa
Vernacular name :
not communicated by the authors
Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anderson :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anderson
Family :
Acanthaceae
Reference HA 44
Author(s) :
Ashidi, J.S. , P.J. Houghton, P.J. Hylands, T. Efferth
Title :
Ethnobotanical survey and cytotoxicity testing of plants of South-western Nigeria used to treat cancer, with isolation of cytotoxic constituents from Cajanus cajan Millsp. leaves
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 128, 501–512 (2010)
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078) cancer, leaves and roots of Acanthus montanus, poultice and as topic
Region :
West Africa
Country :
Nigeria (South-western)
Vernacular name :
ahon-ekun (Yoruba)
Acanthus pubescens (Thomson ex Oliv.) Engl. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acanthus pubescens (Thomson ex Oliv.) Engl.
Family :
Acanthaceae
Synonyms :
Acanthus arboreus C.B.Clarke
Reference HJ 06
Author(s) :
Jeruto, P., C. Lukhoba, G. Ouma, D.Otieno, C. Mutai
Title :
An ethnobotanical study of mericinal plants used by the Nandi people in Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 116, pp. 370 - 376, (2008)
+
Herbal treaments in Aldai and Kaptumo Division in Nandi District, Rift Valley Province, Kenya
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 103-105 (2008)
Symptoms :
H(037), H(078), H(082), H(155)
Recipes :
H(037) dry cough,H(037) pneumonia, H(078) cancer, H(082) chronic asthma, H(108) flu "mireiwek", H(155) tonsils, ashes of leaves of Acanthus pubescens, VO.
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Kenya (Nandi peuple)
Vernacular name :
ndakariat
Acmella caulirhiza Delile :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Acmella caulirhiza Delile
Family :
Asteraceae
Synonyms :
Spilanthes mauritiana (A. Rich. ex Pers.) DC.
,
Spilanthes filicaulis (Schumach. & Thonn.) C.D.Adams
Reference HJ 11
Author(s) :
Jiofack, T., C. Fokunang, N. Guedje, V. Kemeuze, E. Fongnzossie, B. A. Nkongmeneck, P. M. Mapongmetsem & N. Tsabang
Title :
Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants of two ethnoecological regions of Cameroon
International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences Vol. 2(3), pp. 60-79, (2010)
http://www.academicjournals.org/ijmms
Symptoms :
H(014), H(078), H(092)
Recipes :
H(014) eczema, H(078) cancer, H(092) poisoning, whole plan of Spilanthes filicaulis, decoction
Region :
Central Africa
Country :
Cameroon (Littoral and South-west regions.)
Vernacular name :
eye for fowl (English)
Adansonia digitata L. :
2 reference(s)
Official name :
Adansonia digitata L.
Family :
Bombacaceae
Synonyms :
Adansonia sphaerocarpa A.Chev.
Reference HA 57
Author(s) :
Adomou A.C. , H. Yedomonhan, B. Djossa, S. I. Legba, M. Oumorou, A. Akoegninou
Title :
Etude Ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales vendues dans le marché d’Abomey-Calavi au Bénin
Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 6(2): 745-772, April 2012
http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs
Symptoms :
H(013), H(037), H(078)
Recipes :
H(013) cyst,H(037) cough, H(078) fibroma, H(078) myoma, bark decoction of Adansonia digitata , VO.
Region :
West Africa
Country :
Benin (Abomey-Calavi market)
Vernacular name :
kpassagoto (Fon)
Reference HL 34
Author(s) :
Ladoh-Yemeda, CF., T. Vandi , SD. Dibong, E. Mpondo Mpondo , JD. Wansi, JL. Betti , F. Choula, Ndongo Din & M. Tomedi Eyango
Title :
Étude ethnobotanique des plantes médicinales commercialisées dans les marchés de la ville de Douala, Cameroun
Journal of Applied Biosciences 99:9450 – 9466 (2016)
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v99i1.11
Symptoms :
H(028z), H(038), H(074), H(078), H(091)
Recipes :
H(028z) gynecological disorders, H(135) digestion and stomach, H(038), H(074) various infections, H(078), leukemia, H(091) anemia, barks of Adansonia digitata , RNS.
Region :
Central Africa
Country :
Cameroon (markets of Douala)
Vernacular name :
baobab (local French)
Adansonia suarezensis H. Perrier :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Adansonia suarezensis H. Perrier
Family :
Bombacaceae
Reference HN 42
Author(s) :
Nicolas J.-P.
Title :
Plantes médicinales du Nord de Madagascar. Ethnobotanique antakarana et informations scientifiques 296 p. (2012)
Editions Jardins du monde 15, rue saint Michel - 29 190 Brasparts
www.jardinsdumonde.org
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078) cancer, decoction of barks of Adansonia suarezensis, VO.
Region :
Madagascar
Country :
North Madagascar
Vernacular name :
bosy (Antakarana), baobab, boringy, fontana, rainiala, ringy, sefo (Malgache), baobab de Suarez (French), baobab of Suarez (English)
Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms
Family :
Passifloraceae
Reference HK 90
Author(s) :
Kaingu C. K. , J. A. Oduma, J. M. Mbaria , S.G. Kiama
Title :
Medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of female reproductive health dysfunction in Tana River County, Kenya
TANG humanitas medicine / Volume 3 / Issue 2 / e17 (2013)
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5667/tang.2013.0006
Symptoms :
H(033), H(078), H(101)
Recipes :
H(033) infertility, H(078) fibroids, H(101) menorrhagia, decoction of roots of Adenia gummifera in H2O, VO., 1/2 glass daily for 3 days
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Kenya (Tana River County)
Vernacular name :
mujoka (Pokomo)
Adenia volkensii Harms :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Adenia volkensii Harms
Family :
Passifloraceae
Reference HK 13
Author(s) :
Kokwaro, J.O.
Title :
Medicinal plants of East Africa.
East african literature bureau, Kampala, Nairobi, Dar Es Salaam, 368 p., (1976)
Symptoms :
H(078), H(104)
Recipes :
H(078), bulb, ashes + milk, VO
H(104) stomach, bulb, ashes + milk, VO
H(104) stomach, bulb, ashes + milk, VO
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Kenya
Vernacular name :
kilyambiti (Kamba, Kenya)
Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult. :
1 reference(s)
Official name :
Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult.
Family :
Amaranthaceae
Synonyms :
Aerva persica (Burm. f.) Merr.
Reference HT 33
Author(s) :
Tilahun Teklehaymanot
Title :
Ethnobotanical study of knowledge and medicinal plants use by the people in Dek Island in Ethiopia
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume124, pp 69–78, (2009)
Symptoms :
H(078)
Recipes :
H(078) cancer (neqersa), powder of Aerva javanica, Plumbago zeylanicum, Lepidium sativum, mixed with bat’s blood is taken orally early morning before breakfast
Region :
East Africa
Country :
Ethiopia (Northwest, Dek Island in lake Tana )
Vernacular name :
tobia (Amharic)